PYTHON QUESTIONS 1. What is Python? Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented programming language known for its simple syntax and readability 2. What are the key features of Python? •Easy to learn and use •Interpreted language •Object-oriented •Dynamically typed •Large standard library •Cross-platform compatibility 3. What is the difference between a list and a tuple? List Tuple MutableImmutable Uses []Uses () SlowerFaster Can be modifiedCannot be modified after creation 4. What is the difference between == and is? •== checks whether values are equal. •is checks whether two variables refer to the same object in memory. Example: a = [1, 2] b = [1, 2] print(a == b) # True print(a is b) # False 5. What are Python data types? •int •float •str •bool •list •tuple •set •dict 6. What is a dictionary in Python? A dictionary stores data as key-value pairs. Example: student = { "name": "Smita", "age": 20 } print(student["name"]) Output: Smita 7. What is list comprehension? A concise way to create lists. Example: squares = [x*x for x in range(5)] print(squares) Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16] 8. What is the difference between append() and extend()? Answer: a = [1, 2] a.append([3, 4]) # [1, 2, [3, 4]] b = [1, 2] b.extend([3, 4]) # [1, 2, 3, 4] 9. What is a function? A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Example: def greet(name): return f"Hello {name}" print(greet("Alice")) 10. What is recursion? Recursion is when a function calls itself. Example: def factorial(n): if n == 1: return 1 return n * factorial(n - 1) print(factorial(5)) Output: 120 11. What is OOP in Python? Object-Oriented Programming organizes code using classes and objects. Main concepts: •Encapsulation •Inheritance •Polymorphism •Abstraction 12. What is the difference between a class and an object? •Class: Blueprint for creating objects. •Object: Instance of a class. Example: class Student: pass s1 = Student() 13. What is inheritance? Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties and methods of another class. Example: class Animal: def speak(self): print("Animal sound") class Dog(Animal): pass d = Dog() d.speak() 14. What are *args and **kwargs? •*args accepts multiple positional arguments. •**kwargs accepts multiple keyword arguments. Example: def demo(*args, **kwargs): print(args) print(kwargs) demo(1, 2, name="John") 15. Write a Python program to check if a number is prime. num = 17 is_prime = True for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1): if num % i == 0: is_prime = False break print("Prime" if is_prime and num > 1 else "Not Prime") 16. Write a Python program to reverse a string. s = "Python" print(s[::-1]) Output: nohtyP 17. What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy? •Shallow copy copies references of nested objects. •Deep copy creates completely independent copies. Example: import copy a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]] b = copy.deepcopy(a) 18. What is exception handling? Exception handling prevents program crashes due to runtime errors. Example: try: x = 10 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError: print("Cannot divide by zero") 19. What is a lambda function? A lambda is an anonymous one-line function. Example: square = lambda x: x*x print(square(5)) Output: 25 20. What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3? •Python 3 has better Unicode support. •print is a function in Python 3. •Python 2 is no longer supported. •Python 3 has improved libraries and performance. Frequently Asked Coding Questions in Campus Placements 1.Reverse a string 2.Check palindrome 3.Find factorial 4.Fibonacci series 5.Prime number check 6.Count vowels in a string 7.Find largest element in a list 8.Remove duplicates from a list 9.Sort a list without using sort() 10.Find frequency of characters in a string 1. What is PEP 8? Answer: Python coding style guide that improves code readability. 2. What is an interpreter? A program that executes code line by line without compilation. 3. What is dynamic typing? Variable type is decided at runtime. x = 10 x = "Hello" 4. What is a module? A Python file containing functions, variables, and classes. 5. What is a package? A collection of Python modules. 6. What is __name__ == "__main__"? Checks whether the file is executed directly or imported. 7. What are local variables? Variables declared inside a function. 8. What are global variables? Variables declared outside functions. 9. What is a set? Unordered collection of unique elements. s = {1, 2, 3} 10. Difference between list and set? •List allows duplicates. •Set removes duplicates automatically. 11. What is slicing? Extracting a portion of a sequence. s = "Python" print(s[1:4]) 12. What is indexing? Accessing elements using position numbers. 13. What is a mutable object? Object that can be changed after creation. Example: List, Dictionary. 14. What is an immutable object? Cannot be changed after creation. Example: String, Tuple. 15. What is len()? Returns the number of elements. 16. What is range()? Generates a sequence of numbers. 17. Difference between remove() and pop()? •remove() deletes a value. •pop() deletes by index. 18. What is unpacking? a, b = 10, 20 19. What is type casting? x = int("5") 20. What is a docstring? Documentation string inside functions/classes. 21. What is pass? Placeholder statement. 22. What is break? Terminates a loop. 23. What is continue? Skips current iteration. 24. What is enumerate()? Returns index and value together. 25. What is zip()? Combines multiple iterables. 26. What is a generator? Produces values one at a time using yield. 27. What is yield? Returns value without ending function execution. 28. Difference between generator and list? •Generator uses less memory. •List stores all values. 29. What is a decorator? Function that modifies another function's behavior. 30. What is an iterator? Object that can be iterated using next(). 31. What is map()? Applies a function to each item. list(map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3])) 32. What is filter()? Filters elements based on condition. 33. What is reduce()? Reduces iterable to a single value. 34. What is a lambda function? Anonymous one-line function. 35. What is method overriding? Child class provides its own implementation. 36. What is method overloading? Same method name with different arguments (simulated in Python). 37. What is polymorphism? Same interface, different implementations. 38. What is encapsulation? Wrapping data and methods together. 39. What is abstraction? Hiding implementation details. 40. What is multiple inheritance? class A: pass class B: pass class C(A,B): pass 41. What is MRO? Method Resolution Order. 42. What is self? Refers to current object instance. 43. What is a constructor? def __init__(self): pass 44. What is file handling? Reading and writing files. 45. Modes in file handling? r, w, a, rb, wb. 46. How to read a file? with open("file.txt","r") as f: print(f.read()) 47. Why use with statement? Automatically closes file. 48. What is exception? Runtime error during execution. 49. What is finally block? Executes whether exception occurs or not. 50. Difference between deepcopy() and copy()? •copy() → shallow copy. •deepcopy() → complete independent copy. Top 10 Coding Questions Asked in Campus Placements 1.Reverse a string 2.Check palindrome 3.Fibonacci series 4.Prime number 5.Factorial 6.Armstrong number 7.Find duplicates in list 8.Count vowels in string 9.Sort list without sort() 10.Find second largest element Top 10 Advanced Python Questions 1.GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) 2.Multithreading vs Multiprocessing 3.Garbage Collection 4.Memory Management 5.Monkey Patching 6.Duck Typing 7.Context Managers 8.Metaclasses 9.Asyncio 10.Python Virtual Environment